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STEM教育已成为世界基础教育改革领域的热门话题。然而，基础理论研究缺失导致的STEM教育概念内涵不明、价值定位偏移以及实践路径泛化已成为制约其育人效能的关键问题，对STEM教育由来、内涵与价值的澄清显得尤为重要。STEM教育经历了从高等教育“理工科专业集合”到基础教育“整合式STEM”的转向，本质是以工程实践为锚点、知识整合为路径、实践育人为机制的全新教育样态。在市场、政府与教育三重力量推动下，STEM教育呈现出回应未来创新性人才需求、发展学生21世纪素养以及推动育人方式变革的综合价值取向，但也由于传统分科惯性压制、课程建设质量不足以及内容滞后于数智时代需求等问题，逐渐显露出相应的实践局限。我国STEM教育本土化发展亟须突破简单移植的路径依赖，实现创造性转化。
Abstract：STEM education has become a hot topic in the reform of basic education worldwide. However, the lack of fundamental theoretical research has led to conceptual ambiguity, misaligned value pursuit, and generalized implementation paths, all of which have constrained its educational effectiveness. Therefore, clarifying the origins, connotations, and values of STEM education is of particular importance. STEM education has undergone a transformation from a “collection of science and engineering disciplines” in higher education to an “integrated STEM approach” in basic education. In essence, it represents a new educational paradigm that anchors on engineering practice, takes knowledge integration as its pathway, and emphasizes practice-oriented education as its core mechanism. Driven by the combined forces of the market, government, and education sectors, STEM education has emerged as embodying a comprehensive value pursuit, responding to the demand for innovative talents of the future, cultivating students' 21st-century competencies, and promoting transformative changes in educational practices. However, STEM education has also gradually revealed some limitations, such as insufficient integration, inadequate quality of curriculum design, and content that lags behind the demands of the Digital and Intelligent Era. It implies that the localized development of STEM education in China urgently requires transcending the path dependency of simple transplantation and achieving creative transformation.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:G434
引用信息:
[1]杜文彬.STEM教育的发展路径、本质内涵与价值追求[J].全球教育展望,2025,54(11):12-24.
基金信息:
国家教材建设重点研究基地2025年度教育部规划重大项目“中小学STEM教育本土概念建构研究”的研究成果之一