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<正> 美国的社区学院具有与传统的四年制学院和大学不同的职能,社区学院提供职业教育、补偿教育、社区教育、大学转学教育和普通教育,现分别扼要论述如下。职业教育(一)职业教育的历史发展在本世纪初,初级学院的创导人如威廉·兰南·哈珀(William Rainey Harper)、亚历克西斯·F·兰格(Alexis F.Lange)和伦纳德·V·科斯(Leonard V.Koos)等学者都曾建议在初级学院中设置职业课程,使不愿转入四年制高等学校的学生毕业后能够就业。加
Abstract：① Arthur M. Cohen and Florence B. Brawer,The American Comminity College, Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1982, p. 193．
② J. E. Queen J. Rusting: A Survey of Non-Returning Vocational Students: SAM Follow Up 1976-1977, Norwalk, Calif.,Office of Institutional Research, Cerritos College,1978．
③ M. K. Baratta: Follow-Up of 1977 Occupational Graduates, unpublished paper, Moraine Valley Community College, Palos Hills, Ⅲ., 1978．
④ M.Quanty: Initial Job Placement for JCCC Career Students, Classes of 1973-1976, Overland Park, Kans., Office of Institutional Research, Johnson County Community College, 1977．
⑤ 同① , p.216．
⑥ D.Johnson and others: Evaluation of Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional Management Graduates: A Ten-Year Review, St. Louis, Mo., St. Louis Community College at Forest Park, 1976．
⑦ P. G. Larkin: How Students Are Using the Community College to Get Jobs: A Follow Up of Career Program Graduates, Report No. 77-17, Largo, Md.,Office of Institutional Research, Prince George's Community College, 1977．
⑧ 同② 。
⑨ 同③ 。
⒁K. Patricia Cross: Adults as Learners, San Francisco, Jossey Bass, 1981, chap. 3, "Issues and Implications in the Recruitment of dult Learners.
⒂同① ,p.228。
⒃J. L.Morrison and R. Ferrante: The Public Two-Year College and the Culturally Different, paper presented at annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans,February 1973．
⒄Center for the Study of Community Coliege: Science and Humanities Instruction in Two-Year Colleges, unpublished report, 1978．
⒅J. Baldwin and others: Survey of Developmental Mathematics Courses at Colleges in the United States, Garden City, N. Y., American Mathematical Association of Two-Year Colleges, 1975．
⒆American Association of Community and Junior Colleges: Community, Junior, and Technical College Directory, P. 2．
⒇J. Gilder and J. Rocha:"10,000 Cooperative Arrangements Serve 1． 5 Million", Community and Junior College Journal, 1980,51 (3) , p.p.11-17．
(21) L. V. Koos: The Junior College, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1924．
(22) 同① ,p.287。
(23) J. Lombardi: The Decline of Transfer Education, Topical Paper No. 70, Los Angeles, ERIC Clearinghouse for Junior Colleges, 1979, p.12．
(24) 同① ,p.301。
(25) B.L.Johnson: General Education in Action, Washington, D. C., American Council on Education, 1952．
(26) R. Park: "Proffercd Advice: Three Presidential Reports", UCLA Edacator, 1977, 19(3) ,p. 57．
(27) "Flexibility Sougnt in Award of Educational Credit", Chronicle of Higher Education, February 6, 1978, p. 9．
(28) J. D. Lukenbill and R. H. McCabe: General Education in a Changing Society: General Education Program, Basic Skills Require ments, Standards of Academic Progress at Miami-Dade Community College, Miami, Fla.,Office of Institational Research, Miami-Dade Community College, 1978, p. 57．
(29) C. C. Collins and K. O. Drexel: General Education: A Community College Model, Pittsburg. Calif., Community College Press, 1976．
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[1]毛澹然.美国社区学院的职能[J].外国教育资料,1984(03):43-49.