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针对饱受争议的择校问题,国外学术界已形成一个开放的研究领域。多学科研究视角的介入,在展现择校问题复杂性的同时,也为公共议论和政策制定提供了坚实的知识基础。本文概述国外经济学、政治学、社会学、法学、人类学、政治地理学以及历史-比较视域中择校研究的进展和特征,并讨论了对我国择校研究的启示。
Abstract:The school choice controversy in western societies had opened up an issue based field of inquiry for multidiscipline.Research with different perspectives and conceptual frameworks had substantially informed the public discourse on school choice and the relevant policy practice as well.Based on the latest research literatures chiefly in English,this paper summarizes some of the most employed perspectives on school choice and provided an outline of the themes,approaches and results of each line of research.Some implications on school choice study in China will also be discussed in the final part.
①例如,由斯坦福大学经济学家Caroline Hoxby主编的《择校的经济学》(the Economics of SchoolChoice),由世界银行教育经济学家Patrinos Anthony等编著的《教育公-私合作伙伴关系的角色和影响》(The Role and Impact of Public-Private Partnerships in Education),由哈佛大学Paul Peterson教授和美联储银行经济学家Rajashri Chakrabarti编著的《国际择校研究:探索公私合作关系》等著作,都侧重以经济学视角和实证研究方法来探讨择校方案与政策的成效及其影响。
②例如2004年夏,美国教师联盟(American Federation of Teachers,AFT)发布报告指出,“基于第一次全国数据比较,特许学校学生的成绩比一般公立学校学生要差”。该结论旋即引发包含不少经济学家在内的“择校”支持者的强烈反击。然而,由美国非营利性智库“经济政策研究院”(Economic Policy Insti-tute,EPI)几位研究经济学研究者基于对大量数据的元分析得出的结论,却基本上支持了教师联盟报告的结论。参见Carnoy,M.et al.(2005).The charter school dust-up:Examining the evidence on enrollmentand achievement.Washington,D.C.:Economic Policy Institute.
①可参见Ball,S.J.(1993).Education Markets,choice and social class:The market as a class strategyin the UK and USA.British Journal of Sociology of Education,14(1):3-19.;Ball,S.&Vincent,C.(2001).New Class Relations in Education:The Strategies of the‘Fearful’Middle Classes.In J.Demaine(Ed.)Sociology of Education Today(pp.180-194).New York:Palgrave.;Ball,S.J.(2003).Class Strate-gies and the Education Market:The Middle Classes and Social Advantage.London:Routledge Falmer.
②具体可参见Huerta,L.A.(2008).Institutional vs Technical environments:Reconciling the goals ofdecentralization in an evolving charter school organization.Unpublished manuscript.Teacher College-ColumbiaUniversity.New York.;Lubienski,C.(2003).Innovation in education markets:Theory and evidence on theimpact of competition and choice in charter schools.American Educational Research Journal,402:395-443.
①诸如普兰克(D.N.Plank)与希克斯(G.Sykes)主编的《选择“选择”:国际视野下的择校》(Choo-sing Choice:School Choice in International Perspective)(2003)一书中就加入了南非、中国、捷克及匈牙利等国的个案;而福西(M.Forsey)等主编的《择校的全球化?》(The Globalization of School Choice?)(2008)则加进以色列、阿根廷、坦桑尼亚、印度、新加坡及日本的章节;又如查克拉巴蒂(R.Chakrabarti)与皮特森(P.Peterson)新近编辑出版的《国际择校:探索公—私合作关系》(School Choice International:Exploring Public-Private Partnerships)(2009)探讨了印度、哥伦比亚、智利等国择校方案的效能;而世界银行发行的《关于学券和基于信仰教育供给的最新证据》(Emerging Evidence on Vouchers and Faith-Based Providers in Edu-cation:Case Studies from Africa,Latin America,and Asia)(2009)也直接关注了亚、非、拉等地国家的学券和有信仰背景的私立教育之效能的问题。
①具体可参见Coons,J.E.&Sugarman,S.D.(1971).Family Choice in Education Act:A modelstate system for vouchers.California Law Review.59(2):321-438.;Coons,J.E.&Sugarman,S.D.(1978).Education by choice:the case for family control.California:University of California Press.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:G40
引用信息:
[1]董辉.多学科视域下的择校研究:进展与启示[J].全球教育展望,2013,42(06):107-118.
基金信息:
上海市教育科学2012年度市级项目“转型期我国教育政策实施的复杂生态研究:以中小学择校治理为例”(项目编号:B12008)的阶段性成果之一
2013-06-15
2013-06-15