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"核心素养"是适应信息时代对人的自我实现、工作世界和社会生活的新挑战而诞生的概念。"核心素养观"是我国当前深化基础教育课程改革的重要理念之一,它指向于构建我国信息时代的课程体系。自20世纪末、21世纪初以来,经济合作与发展组织、欧盟和美国均从理论和实践两方面确立起影响深远的核心素养框架,以迎接信息时代的挑战。当前,世界共同追求的核心素养即协作、交往、批判性思维与创造性,即"4C’s"。核心素养是人解决复杂问题和适应不可预测情境的高级能力和人性能力。深入理解核心素养的内涵,需要恰当处理素养与知识、素养与情境、素养与表现、核心素养与基本技能之关系。
Abstract："A key competence " is the concept which is resulted from the new challenges of information era to self-actualization,workplace,and social life. "The view of key competences"is one of the most important ideas to deepen curriculum reform of k-12 education in current China,focusing on the construction of information-era curriculum system in China. Since late 20 eth century and early 21 stcentury,OECD,EU,and the U. S. have established influential frameworks of key competences both theoretically and practically,in order to meeting the challenges of information era.Currently,the common key competences on the international level are collaboration,communication,critical thinking,and creativity,which form 4 C's. A key competence is the high-order ability and humanistic ability to solve complex problems and meet unpredictable situations. In order to understand the connotations of a key competence,we should aptly deal with the relationships between competence and knowledge,competence and context,competence and performance,and key competences and basic skills.
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(1)在英文中,skill的涵义是能力,与competence(素养)几乎同义。技能“意味着应用知识和使用专门技术(know-how)以完成任务和解决问题的能力(ability)”。参阅:Gordon,Jean et al.Key competences in Europe:Opening doors for lifelong learners across the school curriculum and teacher education[J].Case Network Reports,2009(87):39.
(1)这两个英文单词的内涵几无区别,只是competence更常用些。国际教育文献中,欧盟更多使用competence,OECD更多使用competency。至于二者的细微区别,欧盟的著名报告《核心素养在欧洲》中写道:“复数形态的competences更多指人的特征、能力和素质(qualities)的整体观念,而competencies更接近于将技能(skills)用作能力,它通常是习得的,指操作某种行动以达到期望的结果。”参阅:Gordon,Jean et al.(2009):Key competences in Europe:Opening doors for lifelong learners across the school curriculum and teacher education,Case Network Reports,No.87,ISBN 978-83-7178-497-2,p.39.倘若如此,competences更强调人的能力或心理特征的综合性,它具有内在性;competencies更强调习得的技能或能力,更具结果取向。但从OECD、欧盟或其他核心素养的文献来看,未必一直存在这种区分,选择哪一个词汇,还存在使用习惯问题。
基本信息:
中图分类号:G420
引用信息:
[1]张华.论核心素养的内涵[J].全球教育展望,2016,45(04):10-24.
基金信息:
作者主持的国家社会科学基金教育学2012年度重点课题“高中阶段的教育发展战略研究”(课题批准号:AHA120004)成果