全球教育展望

尽管国家有关部门重视，学校、家庭和社会各界关注和竭力防治，校园欺凌事件仍层出不穷，且存在大量欺凌者“屡教不改”的现象。遗憾的是，学术界缺乏对这一现象的关注，已有研究对校园欺凌的归因也无法解释校园欺凌的循环发生和欺凌者的“屡教不改”。为此，本研究以初中生小明为核心线索，纵向追踪了小明作为欺凌者在三次欺凌事件中“屡教不改”的行为逻辑和内在困境。研究发现，学校、家庭和社会均在不同程度上影响校园欺凌的发生，也首次揭示了不同影响因素与校园欺凌之间的相关性。具体来说，社会文化中的不利因素是“弱相关”,为欺凌的发生提供了土壤和生长空间；学校与家庭构成“强相关”,其中欺凌者与被欺凌者的两种家庭文化衍生了不同类型的群体，构成了欺凌行为发生的直接根源；学校是欺凌循环发生的“炮架”,其异体同构的处理方式不见其效，反而助推了欺凌行为的发生和升级。防止欺凌者“屡教不改”现象的发生、阻断欺凌循环链条，需围绕“强相关”构建系统防治体系。

Despite the attention and efforts of relevant national departments, schools, families, and various sectors of society to prevent and control bullying, incidents of campus bullying continue to emerge one after another, and there is a large number of bullies who refuse to reform despite repeated warnings. Unfortunately, there is a lack of attention from the academic community to this phenomenon, and the existing attribution of campus bullying cannot explain the cycle of campus bullying and the repeated failure of bullies to reform. Therefore, this study takes junior high school student Xiaoming as the core clue and longitudinally tracks Xiaoming's behavior logic and internal dilemma of “repeatedly refusing to change” as a bully in three bullying incidents. Through research, it has been found that schools, families, and society all have varying degrees of influence on the occurrence of campus bullying, and for the first time, the correlation between different influencing factors and campus bullying has been revealed. Specifically, unfavorable factors in social culture provide soil and growth space for the occurrence of bullying, which is a “weak correlation”; School and family form a “strong correlation”, in which the two types of family cultures of bullies and victims give rise to different groups, forming the direct root cause of bullying behavior. School is the “cannon” for the cycle of bullying, and its heterogeneous and isomorphic approach is ineffective and harmful, promoting the occurrence and escalation of bullying behavior. To prevent the occurrence of bullies who refuse to reform despite repeated warnings and to block the cycle of bullying, it is necessary to establish a systematic governance system supported by school, family, and society collaboration.