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STEM教育改革是世界各国提升综合国力的战略之一。本研究聚焦全球八个主要国家K-12阶段的STEM课程政策，采用主题分析与比较分析发现：国际社会普遍认可STEM整合教育的重要价值，然而传统的STEM(科学、技术、工程与数学)分科课程设置仍是各国课程方案的主流。多数国家选择在学科课程及跨学科课程中主动融入STEM理念与内容，或将STEM作为跨学科教学方式融入课程方案与教学实践，仅个别国家单独设立整合式STEM课程。各国STEM课程实践呈现校内外协同推进态势。相关研究结果可为我国持续推进科技教育及开展K-12阶段STEM教育政策与实践的国际对话提供借鉴。
Abstract：STEM education has become a key strategic priority for many countries to enhance their overall national strength. This study focuses on STEM curriculum policies at K-12 level in eight major countries. Through thematic and comparative analyses, the study finds that while most countries recognize the importance of integrated STEM education, subject-based curricula in mathematics, science, technology, and engineering remain the dominant mode. Many countries embed STEM concepts and content within existing subject curricula or interdisciplinary curriculum standards, and some are increasingly adopting STEM as a cross-disciplinary pedagogical approach in curriculum design and classroom practice. Only a few countries have developed stand-alone, integrated STEM curricula. There is a growing trend of STEM education initiatives outside of schools, which complement in-school STEM learning. These findings offer useful insights for China's ongoing efforts to advance science and technology education and foster international dialogue on K-12 STEM education policy and practice.
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(1)STEM教育是整合科学(Science)、技术(Technology)、工程(Engineering)与数学(Mathematics)四个领域的教育活动,通常这一教育活动可贯通从学前到博士所有学段,既包括正式教育(如学校课堂),也包括非正式教育(如课外项目)。
(2)由于美国与加拿大属联邦制国家,其基础教育体系分属州/省教育部门管辖。本研究除收集两国联邦政府教育政策文件外,分别选取美国三个州(科罗拉多州、田纳西州、马萨诸塞州)和加拿大三个省(安大略省、阿尔伯塔省、不列颠哥伦比亚省)的课程方案展开分析。
(3)国际管理发展学院(IMD)于2024年发布的世界竞争力排名,即2024 IMD World Competitiveness Ranking (WCR),完整排名可参见以下网址:https://www.imd.org/centers/wcc/world-competitiveness-center/rankings/world-competitiveness-ranking/。
(4)OECD国家2021年新毕业的科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)领域的高等教育毕业生占比情况可详见:https://goingdigital.oecd.org/en/indicator/43。
(5)本研究共收集近十年(2015—2025)来八个主要国家政府、国家(州/省)教育部以及各国教育研究机构出台的教育政策(含战略报告)9份、国家(州/省)STEM相关课程方案49份及教育实践资料(如项目评估报告等)4份。
(6)多国课程方案中明确区分“技术”课程为“应用型技术”及“计算机科学”两类。
基本信息:
中图分类号:G632.3
引用信息:
[1]张晓蕾,朱天润.全球八个主要国家K-12阶段STEM课程政策的比较与探讨[J].全球教育展望,2025,54(11):25-37.
基金信息:
国家教材建设重点研究基地2025年度教育部规划重大项目“中小学STEM教育本土概念建构研究”的阶段性成果