全球教育展望

当前阶段，情境化命题表现参差不齐并伴有诸多疑问，情境化命题研究需要从明晰情境化的要义、提炼情境化命题有益经验，以及探索深化路径等方面展开。学校教育重视情境，目的是让学习者经历建构性学习过程，并且能在新情境中迁移运用所知所学。从表现方式与考查指向看，已形成一些较为典型的语文情境化命题样式：社会生活场景暗含表达交际规则，角色创设营造问题探讨场域，以生活化的材料引发现实问题讨论，以意蕴丰富的学科材料引导学科问题探究等。试题发展带动了试卷样态变化，出现了特定版块情境一体化设计和整张试卷情境一体化设计的形式。在此基础上，需强化情境化命题的思维指向，尝试围绕问题解决过程设计试题。问题类型和问题解决步骤可以成为命题抓手：试题任务可以指向特定场景表达需求、生活议题或难题、语文学术性问题等问题类型；应加强考查问题提出能力，尽量覆盖多个问题解决步骤。

The essence of introducing “real-life situations” into school education is to enable learners to experience a complete and sufficient constructive learning process and then apply and transfer what they have learned in the new context. Chinese test items have formed some typical situational expressions: social life scenes implying communicative rules, role creation creates a field for discussion; life-oriented materials lead to the discussion of realistic problems; and subject materials with rich implications guide the inquiry of subject issues. The development of test items leads to the change of exam form. Different degrees of situational integration design began to appear. On this basis, it is necessary to strengthen the thinking orientation of situational test design and design tasks around the problem-solving process.