nav emailalert searchbtn searchbox tablepage yinyongbenwen piczone journalimg journalInfo journalinfonormal searchdiv searchzone qikanlogo popupnotification paper paperNew
2022, 08, v.51 39-51
整体取向教学设计视角下的学习任务设计
基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“美国中小学教师教育专业标准的历史演进及专业化路径探索”(项目编号:BHA170140)的研究成果之一
邮箱(Email):
DOI:
摘要:

为实现核心素养的培养,教学设计活动需要克服目标分割化、碎片化等还原倾向,达成综合性的教学目的。多种整体取向的教学设计理论均将真实完整的任务作为整合多样化的具体教学目标的载体,围绕有目的的综合性活动开展学习与评价的一体化设计。整体设计选取表面特征多样化的系列任务以递增难度、渐撤支持的方式排布,借助任务序列促进心理模式的构建和学习的迁移,在教学设计理论中补充了课程组织方面的策略,为单元设计实践提供了参考。

Abstract:

For the cultivation of core competence, instructional design activities need to reverse the Reductionist trend, in which the objectives are compartmentalized and fragmentized, so as to achieve integrated instructional goals. Various holistic instructional design theories take authentic whole tasks as the carrier to integrate various specific teaching objectives, and carry out the integrated design of learning and evaluation around comprehensive and purposive activities. The holistic design selects a series of tasks with diversified surface features and arrange them in the way of increasing difficulty and gradually withdrawing support, so as to promote the construction of mental models and the transfer of learning, complement the instructional design theory by adopting curriculum organization strategies, and provide references for the practice of unit design.

参考文献

[1] 褚宏启.核心素养的概念与本质[J].华东师范大学学报(教育科学版),2016(1):1-3.

[2] 余文森.从三维目标走向核心素养[J].华东师范大学学报(教育科学版),2016(1):11-13.

[3] 辛涛,姜宇,林崇德,等.论学生发展核心素养的内涵特征及框架定位[J].中国教育学刊,2016(6):3-7.

[4][8] 王海青.论整体主义教学[J].全球教育展望,2019(4):34-44.

[5] [59] 崔允漷.深度教学的逻辑:超越二元之争,走向整合取径[J].中小学管理,2021(5):22-26.

[6] 李润洲.指向学科核心素养的教学设计[J].课程·教材·教法,2018(7):35-40.

[7] 钟启泉.单元设计:撬动课堂转型的一个支点[J].教育发展研究,2015(24):1-5.

[9] 马兰,盛群力.课堂教学设计——整体化取向[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社,2011:1-2.

[10] Gagné,R.M.The Analysis of Instructional Objectives for the Design of Instruction [A].Glaser,R.Teaching Machines and Programmed Learning,II:Data and Directions [C].Washington,DC:National Education Association,1965:21-65.

[11] Reigeluth,C.M.& An,Y.Merging the Instructional Design Process with Learner-centered Theory:The Holistic 4D Model [M].NewYork,NY:Routledge,2021:31-32,45.

[12] Dick,W.A History of Instructional Design and Its Impact on Educational Psychology [A].Glover,J.& Roning,R.Historical Foundations of Educational Psychology [C].New York,NY:Plenum,1987:183-202.

[13] [16] [28] Reiser,R.A History of Instructional Design and Technology [A].Reiser,R.& Dempsey,J.Trends and Issues in Instructional Design and Technology [C].New York,NY:Pearson,2018:8-22.

[14] Munzenmaier,C.Today’s Instructional Designer:Competencies and Careers [R].Santa Rosa,CA:e-Learning Guild,2014:6.

[15] 曾向阳.行为主义的哲学困境透视[J].自然辩证法通讯,1999(4):6-12.

[17] Marshall,J.D.,Sears,J.T.,& Schubert,W.H.Turning Points in Curriculum :A Contemporary American Memoir [M].Upper Saddle River,NJ:Pearson Education,2000:65-70.

[18] [20] [46] [47] [54] [58] [荷]杰罗姆·范梅里恩伯尔,保罗·基尔希纳.综合学习设计:四元素十步骤系统方法[M].盛群力,陈丽,王文智,等,译.福州:福建教育出版社,2012:5,6,2,12,106-107,8.

[19] [26] [27] [美]罗伯特·加涅.学习的条件和教学论[M].皮连生,等,译.上海:华东师范大学出版社,2002:186,271,272-273.

[21] [美]约翰·富兰克林·博比特.课程[M].刘幸,译.北京:教育科学出版社,2017:35-36.

[22] Kliebard,H.M.The Struggle for the American Curriculum:1893-1958 [M].NewYork,NY:Routledge,2004:98-99.

[23] 施良方.泰勒的《课程与教学的基本原理》——兼述美国课程理论的兴起与发展[J].华东师范大学学报(教育科学版),1992(4):1-24.

[24] [美]格兰特·威金斯,杰伊·麦克泰格.追求理解的教学设计[M].闫寒冰,等,译.上海:华东师范大学出版社,2017:66.

[25] Seel,N.M.Curriculum Development,Instructional Design,and Information Technology [A].Seel,N.M.& Dijkstra,S.Curriculum,Plans,and Processes in Instructional Design:International Perspectives [C].New York,NY:Routledge,2008:131-143.

[29] 石鸥.核心素养的课程与教学价值[J].华东师范大学学报(教育科学版),2016(1):9-11.

[30] [美]麦克尼尔.课程导论[M].谢登斌,等,译.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007:189.

[31] [33] [37] Merrill,D.,Li,Z.& Jones,M.Limitations of First Generation Instructional Design(ID1) [J].Educational Technology,1990(1):7-11.

[32] 王文智,盛群力.探究解决问题与创造的奥秘——兰达论解决问题与思维方法[J].远程教育杂志,2010(3):37-47.

[34] 高瑞利.美国教学设计理论从ID1到ID2的发展[J].比较教育研究,2003(2):16-19.

[35] 吴宁宁.David Merrill的教学设计分代理论和教学交易理论述评[J].电化教育研究,2009(2):30-33.

[36] [44] Merrill,M.D.A Task-centered Instructional Strategy [J].Journal of Research on Technology in Education,2007(1):5-22.

[38] [39] [48] Gagné,R.M.& Merrill,M.D.Integrative Goals for Instructional Design [J].Educational Technology Research and Development,1990(1):23-30.

[40] Reigeluth,C.M.,Merrill,M.D.,Wilson,B.G.,et al.The Elaboration Theory of Instruction:A Model for Sequencing and Synthesizing Instruction [J].Instructional Science,1980(9):195-219.

[41] 盛群力.现代教学设计论[M]杭州:浙江教育出版社,2010:126.

[42] [43] [50] [52] [美]戴维·梅里尔.首要教学原理[M].盛群力,钟丽佳,等,译.福州:福建教育出版社2016:25,49,390,87-121.

[45] [荷]杰伦·J.G.范梅里恩伯尔.掌握综合认知能力[M].盛群力,陆琦,钟丽佳,等,译.福州:福建教育出版社2017:15.

[49] 杰伦·范梅里恩伯尔,金锜钦.人如何学习?[J].开放教育研究,2016(3):13-23.

[51] [53] Merrill,D.First Principles of Instruction:Identifying and Designing Effective,Efficient,and Engaging Instruction [M].Hoboken,NJ:Pfeiffer (John Wiley & Sons),2012:151,397.

[55] Reigeluth,C.M.Meaningfulness and Instruction:Relating What Is Being Learned to What a Student Knows[J].Instructional Science,1983(3):197-218.

[56] Van Merri?nboer,J.J.G.& Kirschner,P.A.Ten Steps to Complex Learning:A Systematic Approach to Four-Component Instructional Design [M].New York,NY:Routledge,2013:2,115-119.

[57] 于钟民.整合单元法助力语文高效教学[J].中国教育学刊,2020(8):106-106.

[60] [美]约翰·杜威.民主与教育[M].俞吾金,孔慧,译.上海:华东师范大学出版社,2019:242-243.

(1)样例任务中,问题的给定状态、目标状态和解决方案对学习者而言都是已知的,学习者借助案例来学习;而常规任务中,学习者清楚问题的给定状态,不了解解决方案,而问题的目标状态可能是明确的也可能是模糊的(问题可能是良构的也可能是非良构的)。其他任务可以看成是介于样例任务和常规任务之间的类型,例如补全任务中学习者了解问题的给定状态、目标状态以及部分解决方案,学习者要添加缺失的步骤来补全解决方案。参见:[荷]杰罗姆·范梅里恩伯尔,保罗·基尔希纳.综合学习设计:四元素十步骤系统方法[M].盛群力,陈丽,王文智,译.福州:福建教育出版社,2012:58—62.

(2)在这方面,《首要教学原理》和《综合学习设计》中的实例,如“创业课程”和“文献检索系列任务”等,都有一定参考价值。

基本信息:

中图分类号:G424

引用信息:

[1]王文智.整体取向教学设计视角下的学习任务设计[J].全球教育展望,2022,51(08):39-51.

基金信息:

国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“美国中小学教师教育专业标准的历史演进及专业化路径探索”(项目编号:BHA170140)的研究成果之一

引用

GB/T 7714-2015 格式引文
MLA格式引文
APA格式引文
检 索 高级检索