全球教育展望

STEM(科学、技术、工程、数学)教育作为一种创新的教育理念，在全球范围内备受关注。STEM教育本土化建构成为当下我国应对国际挑战，推进教育强国建设的内在要求。本文围绕STEM教育本土化过程中理念认知、概念创新、实践样态、政策研制、制约因素等核心问题，对包括一线教师、教育管理者、教育研究者、企业人员在内的4381人进行问卷调查，研究发现：STEM教育理念已得到广泛认同，但其本质内涵应进一步丰富和转化；专家群体整体上不赞同“创新STEM概念”,一线教师的态度则更开放；我国对STEM教育具体实践关注不足，实施水平有待提升；被调查者整体赞同在小学单独开STEM课程，不赞同在初高中单独开课；师资、教材与设备以及学校课程规划成为制约STEM教育发展的重要问题。推进STEM教育本土化的关键在于把握STEM教育核心价值导向，挖掘新课程既有概念的生长点，探索STEM教育的多种实践样态，充分释放STEM育人活力。

As an innovative educational concept, STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) education has received significant global attention. The localization of STEM education has become an intrinsic requirement for China to respond to international challenges and advance the development of building China into a leading country in education. This paper investigates core issues in the localization process of STEM education, including conceptual understanding, conceptual innovation, practice patterns, policy development, and constraining factors, based on a questionnaire survey of 4381 participants, such as front-line teachers, education administrators, education researchers, and enterprise personnel. The study found that while the concept of STEM education is widely recognized, its core meaning requires further enrichment and adaptation; experts generally disapprove of “innovating STEM concepts”, whereas front-line teachers hold a more open attitude; insufficient attention has been paid to the concrete practices of STEM education in China, and the implementation level needs to be improved; respondents generally agreed to offer STEM as a separate subject in primary schools, but not in junior or senior high schools; issues such as teachers, teaching materials, and equipment as well as school curriculum planning have become significant constraints on the development of STEM education. The key to promoting the localization of STEM education lies in grasping its core value orientation, identifying starting points within the existing new curricula, exploring various practical forms, and thereby fully unleashing the vitality of STEM education in nurturing students.