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美国高校招生过程中学生享有多重选择权。学生不但可以立足自身优势自主地选择采用不同招生模式的高等学校、不同考试机构供给的标准化的高校入学考试、高校预科课程及其统一考试,还可以独立申请多所高校并有机会同时被多所高校预录取,以及进入大学后校际转学等。招生选拔制度牵一发而动全身,学生的多重选择权利得到充分保障引发了一系列积极效应。高中生在取舍行动中学习和练习如何选择,有助于整体性地提升自主选择的能力;多重选择的"安全性"和"自主性"有助于学生全面而有个性的发展,并为学生充分运用理性留出了空间。学生的多重选择亦可直接促进高校的招生能力建设、教育教学质量保障以及特色多元发展。
Abstract：The applicants enjoy multiple choices in the undergraduate admission. Students have the freedom to choose the most suitable colleges with different admission modes based on their own advantages, choose different standardized tests such as SAT or ACT provided by different educational testing services, and take the Advanced Placement(AP) courses and the exams in high school. Students can apply to colleges independently and have the opportunity to be simultaneously pre-admitted by different colleges and universities. They can also apply for college transfer admission after being enrolled. The selective admission system is essential in protecting applicants' multiple-choice rights in the college admission process and triggering a series of positive effects. High school students have to learn and practice how to choose in the college admission process, which may improve their ability to choose independently. The security and openness of choosing foster students' all-round development with individualism, and grant the opportunity for students to exercise rationality. Multiple choices can also directly promote the construction of college admission capacity to recruit prospective freshmen, broaden their recruitment efforts, assure the quality of higher education and teaching, and increase the diversity and uniqueness of the college development.
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(1)表1和表2数据来源于美国国家教育统计中心(National Center for Education Statitics),通过“高校导航”(College Navigator)选中“申请者录取率小于等于10%”(“% appliants admitted”=minimum to 10%)后搜索而得。参见:https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?s=all&ax=10,2019-9-24。
(2)参见:Stolzenberg,E.B.,Eagan,M.K.,Aragon,M.C.,Cesar-Davis,N.M.,Jacobo,S.,Couch,V.& Rios-Aguilar,C.The American Freshman:National Norms Fall 2017[M].Los Angeles,CA:Higher Education Research Institute,UCLA,2019:21。
(3)参见:Stolzenberg,E.B.,Eagan,M.K.,Aragon,M.C.,Cesar-Davis,N.M.,Jacobo,S.,Couch,V.& Rios-Aguilar,C.The American Freshman:National Norms Fall 2017[M].Los Angeles,CA:Higher Education Research Institute,UCLA,2019:20。
(4)表3和表4数据来源于美国国家教育统计中心,通过“高校导航”录入高校名可直接检索而得。
基本信息:
中图分类号:G649.712
引用信息:
[1]张会杰.美国高校招生中学生的多重选择权及其积极效应[J].全球教育展望,2020,49(06):42-54.
基金信息:
全国教育科学规划教育部重点课题“美国世界一流大学本科招生模式及本土适应性研究”(项目编号:DIA170359)的阶段性研究成果之一
2019-09-24
2019
2019-10-11
2020-05-07
2020
1
2020-06-10
2020-06-10