素养本位学业质量的内涵及意义On the Conceptualization and Standard Development of Competency-based Academic Achievement
杨向东
摘要(Abstract):
素养本位的学业质量是指学生在完成义务教育各学段课程学习时应该具备的核心素养构成、发展水平及表现特征。它是素养本位教育理念下对学生学业成就的规范性预期,阐明了智能时代儿童全面而有个性发展的实质内涵。素养本位学业质量蕴含了新的学习观和知识观,具有超越具体课程的现实价值,旨在扭转以知识点为纲的学业质量观,树立一种整合的、实践取向的学业质量观。研制素养本位的学业质量标准需要在反思学科本质和课程性质的基础上,构建有机整合的核心素养框架;用大观念和学科实践重构课程内容,重新梳理学科知识、思维和价值的内在关系;以核心素养为纲,整合重构的课程内容,划分学业质量水平并描述其表现特征。水平划分要遵循整体性原则,根据质性特征变化确定不同水平及其进阶关系,表述方式要能够体现素养导向学业成就的特征。素养本位的学业质量对完善义务教育育人目标和学业质量体系,实现学校课程、育人模式、评价方式的根本转型,具有重要而深远的意义。
关键词(KeyWords): 核心素养;学业质量;学科本质;大观念;标准研制
基金项目(Foundation): 全国教育科学规划国家一般课题“素养导向的嵌入式测评系统研究”(项目编号:BHA200132)的研究成果
作者(Author): 杨向东
参考文献(References):
- [1] Kendall,J.S.& Marzano,R.J.The Systematic Identification and Articulation of Content Standard and Benchmarks [R].Aurora,CO:Mid-continent Regional Educational Lab,1995:3.
- [2] 杨向东.基础教育学业质量标准的研制[J].全球教育展望,2012(5):32-41.
- [3] Klieme,E.et al.The Development of National Educational Standard:An Expertise [R].Berlin:Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF),2004:39-67.
- [4] Organization of Economical and Cooperative Development.The Definition and Selection of Key Competencies,Executive Summary [R].Paris:OECD,2005:4.
- [5][6] White,R.H.Motivation Reconsidered:The Concept of Competence [J].Psychological Review,1959(5):297-333.
- [7] Rychen,S.& Salagnick,L.A Holistic Model of Competence [A].Rychen,S.& Salagnick,L.(Eds.).Key Competences for a Successful Life and a Well-functioning Society [C].G?ttingen,NE:Hogrefe & Huber,2003:4-62.
- [8] Hoskins,B.& Crick,R.D.Competences for Learning to Learn and Active Citizenship:Different Currencies or Two Sides of the Same Coin?[J].European Journal of Education,2010(1):121-137.
- [9] 杨向东.理论驱动的心理与教育测量学[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2014:125.
- [10][38] 杨向东.基于核心素养的基础教育课程标准研制[J].全球教育展望,2017(9):40-46.
- [11] 杨向东.关于核心素养若干概念和命题的辨析[J].华东师范大学学报(教育科学版),2020(10):48-59.
- [12] Alexander,R.Inert Knowledge:Analyses and Remedies [J].Educational Psychologist,1996(2):115-121.
- [13] Pines,A.L.& West,L.H.T.Conceptual Understanding and Science Learning:An Interpretation of Research within a Source-of-knowledge Framework [J].Science Education,1986(5):583-604.
- [14] 杨向东,等.论概念性理解——兼及“钱学森之问”的教育破解途径[J].待发表,2022.
- [15][17] Post,R.Debating Disciplinarity [J].Critical Inquiry,2009(4):749-770.
- [16] [美]伦纳德·蒙洛迪诺.思维简史——从丛林到宇宙[M].北京:中信出版社,2018:4.
- [18][21] Brown,J.S.,Collins,A.& Guguid,P.Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning [J].Educational Researcher,1989(1).32-42.
- [19][20] [美]杜威.民主与教育[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2012:4,34.
- [22] Bransford,J.D.,Brown,A.L.& Cocking,R.R.How People Learn:Brain,Mind,Experience,and School [M].Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,2000:9-31.
- [23] 马淑风,杨向东.促进高阶思维发展的合作推理式学习[J].教育发展研究,2021(24):64-73.
- [24] [美]布鲁纳.教育过程[M].邵瑞珍,译.北京:文化教育出版社,1982.
- [25] Erickson,H.L.,Lanning,L.A.& French,R.Concept-based Curriculum and Instruction for the Thinking Classroom (2nd ed.) [M].Thousand Oaks,CA:Corwin,2017:40-68,74,84-85.
- [26][34] Anderson,L.W.,Krathwohl,D.R,Airasian,P.W.,Cruikshank,K.A.,Mayer,R.E.,Pintrich,P.R.,Raths,J.& Wittrock.M.C.A Taxonomy for Learning,Teaching,and Assessing:A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (Complete ed.) [M].New York,NY:Longman,2001:36-47,231-255.
- [27][33] Hatano,G.& Inagaki,K.Tow Courses of Expertise [J].乳幼児発達臨床センター年報,1984(6):27-36.
- [28] 中华人民共和国教育部.义务教育生物课程标准(2022年版)[S].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2022.
- [29] 中华人民共和国教育部.义务教育语文课程标准(2022年版)[S].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2022.
- [30] 中华人民共和国教育部.义务教育信息技术课程标准(2022年版)[S].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2022.
- [31] Palincsar,A.S.Social Constructivist Perspectives on Teaching and Learning [J].Annual Review of Psychology,1998(1):345-375.
- [32] Duncan,R.G.& Hmelo-Silver,C.E.Learning Progressions:Aligning Curriculum,Instruction and Assessment [J].Journal of Research in Science Teaching,2009(6):606-609.
- [35] 中华人民共和国教育部.义务教育化学课程标准(2022年版)[S].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2022.
- [36] 钟启泉.三维目标论[J].教育研究,2011(9):62-67.
- [37] 杨九俊.新课程三维目标:理解与落实[J].教育研究,2008(9):40-46.
- [39] Ertmer,P.A.& Newby,T.J.行为主义、认知主义和建构主义(下)——从教学设计的视角比较其关键特征[J].盛群力,译.电化教育研究,2004(4):27-31.